地盤沈下は、熱帯泥炭地における農業および森林プランテーションの長期管理にとっての課題を提示している。時間をかけて、沈下は断続的な洪水または土地の浸水のリスクを高め、生産性の低下を招く可能性がある。沈下は、乾燥した泥炭の圧密(収縮)と、排水された泥炭地からの二酸化炭素排出の一因である酸素への暴露による分解の促進が相まって生じるものである。

インドネシア最大の紙パルプ製造会社の1つであるAPRILと、その長期供給パートナーらは、スマトラ島リアウ州のおよそ584,000haの泥炭地を管理している。このエリアのうち、約45%が繊維生産のためのアカシア植林地として管理され、約55%が天然林として保護されている。

2007年以降、APRILは自らの植林地および天然林利権が及ぶ場所の至る所に沈下量測定用の柱(subsidence poles)のネットワークを張り巡らせ、監視を続けてきた。この柱は増え続けており、現在では400本を超える。APRIL独立泥炭専門家作業部会の作業の一環として、英国生態・水文センター(UK’s Centre for Ecology and Hydrology)のChris Evans教授がリーダーを務め、インドネシア、英国、フィンランドの科学者およびAPRIL自身の泥炭地科学者チームが支援する科学チームが最近、国際的な学術誌Geodermaにこのネットワークの10年間にわたる観測の分析結果を発表した。

分析されたデータセットには、2000 site-years(箇所×年数)を超える観測が含まれるが、これは、過去発表されたもの中でも群を抜くものであり、熱帯泥炭沈下に与える植林地森林管理の影響を理解する上での手掛かりとなる。データはまた、工業用油やし植林地や小自作農植林地などが含まれる東南アジアで過去に行われた観測結果、およびヨーロッパや北アメリアで過去に行われた観測結果と比較された。分析により、APRILの繊維植林地では、年間平均4.3cmの割合で泥炭沈下が発生していることが確認された。沈下率は、植林地を取り囲む300mの森林「バッファゾーン(緩衝地帯)」の中では同程度であるが、植林地からもっと距離が離れた森林エリアでは低くなっている。

沈下率のばらつきには、平均地下水位が関係していた。これは泥炭の深さ、植林年数、或いは植生の型よりも大きく影響していた。沈下率については概して、排水が同程度である比較的寒冷な北半球の泥炭地よりも高かった。しかし、ヨーロッパおよび北アメリカでの排水を基礎とする農業にとって、一般的に年間1-2cmの沈下率は、依然として課題である。

この研究は、地下水位を定められた値よりも低くならないように規制することにより泥炭地からの温室効果ガスの排出を緩和するというインドネシア政府の政策を支持する科学的証拠を与える。高い水位で経済的に生産性の高い作物を育てることには、いまだ大きな課題があるが、この研究結果は、平均地下水位を高くするという政府の規制により、当面の沈下率が低下し、関連する泥炭分解による二酸化炭素排出が減少する可能性があることを示唆する。

APRILは現在、より高い水位でのアカシア栽培の現場試験を行い、代替繊維源として水に耐性のあるさまざまな在来種の能力を評価し、APRILの管理下にある様々な場所を代表する3基の「フラックス・タワー(flux towers)」によって温室効果ガス交換を監視している。

これらの監視プログラムは、泥炭沈下を理解し、緩和させ、管理された泥炭地からの温室効果ガス正味排出量を削減しようとするものである。

分析の概要はここからダウンロード可能である。論文全体はここから閲覧可能である。

svg+xml;charset=utf — APRIL Asia
sustainable growth — APRIL Asia

Method

Waste disposed is recorded through various means of measurement including estimation of weight by waste type. Particular waste types as described above are measured as a wet waste and converted to a bone dry (BD) weight. The wet waste weight is multiplied by the consistency of each waste type to determine the BD. The consistency is predetermined by the lab.

Baseline
71kg/T

Performance 2022

On Track

sustainable growth — APRIL Asia

Method

The DPTW utilisation rate and % of textile waste per tonne of product will be based on R&D lab/pilot/demo procedures.

Baseline
0%

Performance 2022

In Development

sustainable growth — APRIL Asia

Method

Water consumption per tonne of product is calculated based on water consumed in the production of saleable pulp, paper, viscose staple fiber and viscose yarn measured by flow meters, via calculation and water balances divided by the production figures for saleable pulp, paper, viscose staple fibre and viscose yarn.

Baseline
28 m3/T

Performance 2022

Not Progressing

sustainable growth — APRIL Asia

Method

Soda content within the liquor cycle and losses are determined by means of mass balance based on daily lab analysis.

Lime volume in the lime kiln and losses are determined by means of lime make-up.

The recovery rate is calculated net of the percentage of make-up amounts added. The annual figure is based on the average monthly recovery rate.

Baseline
96%

Performance 2022

Not Progressing

inclusive progress — APRIL Asia

Method

Number of Mill and Nursery contractor calculated based on Man Power data which grouped by gender level calculated as a monthly average.

Baseline
2571

inclusive progress — APRIL Asia

Method

The number of own and supply partners employees is calculated based on year-end Man Power data which is grouped by gender. The identification of leadership position refer to employees’ grade D2 or Manager level and above.

Baseline
55 women employees in leadership positions

Performance 2022

Progressing

inclusive progress — APRIL Asia

Method

Women’s effective participation is identified from the participation list for each program. Percentage of female participation is calculated by the number of women participating divided by the total participants.

Baseline
34%

Performance 2022

Progressing

inclusive progress — APRIL Asia

Method

In development

Baseline
In development

Performance 2022

Progressing

inclusive progress — APRIL Asia

Method

In development

Baseline
In development

Performance 2022

Progressing

inclusive progress — APRIL Asia

Method

In development

Baseline
In development

Performance 2022

Progressing

inclusive progress — APRIL Asia

Method

We engaged third party to conduct assessment in APRIL-supported schools using the framework that was developed by Research Triangle Institute (RTI) and USAID.

Baseline
In development

Performance 2022

Progressing

inclusive progress — APRIL Asia

Method

Poverty mapping is identified through:

  1. Desktop analysis using National Statistics, Village Potential Statistics, SMERU Poverty Map.
  2. On-the-ground verification through FGD, village transect walk, interview with community.

Baseline
3%

Performance 2022

Progressing

thriving landscapes — APRIL Asia

Method

Peer-reviewed scientific journal publication standards

Baseline
1

Performance 2022

On Track

thriving landscapes — APRIL Asia

Method

Documentation of Participation (presentation of papers or posters) in national and international dialogues, workshops and conferences

Baseline
6

Performance 2022

On Track

thriving landscapes — APRIL Asia

Method

Number of scientists from universities and research institutions that have collaborated with APRIL on peatland management during the calendar year

Baseline
9

Performance 2022

On Track

thriving landscapes — APRIL Asia

Method

Wood deliveries (excluding open market supply) to the mill are used as a basis to calculate MAI (Tonnes/ Ha/Yr). The MAI is based on the 3 year area weighted rolling average growth for all closed compartments.

Baseline
20T/ha/yr

Performance 2022

On Track

thriving landscapes — APRIL Asia

Method

Methodology to be developed specific to animal species and does not include plants. Qualifying initiatives may vary widely in nature but must have the animal protection as the primary objective.

Partnerships will be developed and documented in line with an overarching strategy prioritizing stakeholders and threats specific to the country of Indonesia assessed.

Performance 2022

Progressing

thriving landscapes — APRIL Asia

Method

May include various initiatives relating to conservation of RTE species to be defined in a priority list, initiatives may be conducted solely or in collaboration with other stakeholders.

Baseline
2

thriving landscapes — APRIL Asia

Method

Methodology to be developed to measure change in ecosystem services and values over time (carbon sequestration, water provision, resource provision including fish and honey)

Baseline
not yet developed

thriving landscapes — APRIL Asia

Method

Reports for reforestation of previously encroached and degraded area including all areas where assisted natural regeneration, planting or enrichment planting of species that improve habitat value have taken place during the year but excludes natural regeneration.

Baseline
275 ha

Performance 2022

Progressing

thriving landscapes — APRIL Asia

Method

Area within conservation is derived from land bank which is based on land cover analysis and is updated annually to capture any boundary changes, land use changes or measurement data.

Baseline
0 ha Net loss

Performance 2022

Not Progressing

thriving landscapes — APRIL Asia

Method

Landscape conservation funding includes restoration and conservation costs associated with the RER as well as the allocation of a proportion of the costs related to APRIL’s maintenance of conservation values under its production-protection model. The allocation is based on proportionate amount of each cost that is related to conservation and restoration.

The wood volume is based on wood delivered to the Mill.

Baseline
USD$0.7 per tonne of plantation fiber

Performance 2022

On Track

climate positive 1 — APRIL Asia

Method

Mill

Calculate from the records of fuel types used the amount consumed in boilers to generate power, heat and steam including energy use for mobile & including transportation. Each of the fuel types are converted to energy expressed by Giga Joule Lower Heating Value (GJ LHV) following the IPCC guidelines.

Baseline: 87%

Performance 2022

On Track

Forest Operations

Calculate from the records of fuel types the quantity consumed by major categories of forest management activities by Fiber operations.

This covers energy used for Forest operations, infrastructure including wood transport from estate to mill; When a blend of fuel types is used (such as B20) the contribution to renewable and cleaner energy targets is calculated separately for each fuel rather than considering the blend as a cleaner fuel type.

Baseline: 19%

Performance 2022

Progressing

climate positive 1 — APRIL Asia

Method

APRIL follows the international GHG protocol as developed by WRI/WBCSD to develop its emissions profile. The total emissions measured as emissions intensity is calculated based on tonnes of Scope 1 and 2 Mill Greenhouse Gas Emissions per tonne of product (paper, pulp and viscose). The emissions boundary scope covers gate-to-gate (wood processing in wood yard until pulp, paper and viscose production) of the three main GHGs: CO2, CH4, and N2O.

Baseline
0.55 tCO2e/product tonne

Performance 2022

On Track

climate positive 1 — APRIL Asia

Method

To quantify the total GHG emission and removals across APRIL’s land bank from land use, APRIL follows the GHG Protocol Agricultural Guidance and IPCC Guidelines for Agricultural, Forestry, and Other Land Use. To detect the land cover change within the look-back period, i.e. 20 years APRIL utilized the remotely sensed data.

The GHG emission will be calculated as the total of carbon stock changes in woody biomass and soil organic carbon and include all major carbon fluxes such as peat decomposition, plantation growth and harvesting, and fires.

To quantify the amount of carbon unit to balance the emission, the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS), the Climate, Community and Biodiversity Standards (CCB), or other internationally accepted standard will be used.

Performance 2022

Progressing

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